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Budapest Memorandum

December 5, 1994

Budapest Memorandum

On December 5, 1994, an international agreement (Budapest Memorandum) is signed in Budapest between Ukraine, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States on guarantees to Ukraine in connection with its non-nuclear status.

According to the document, Kyiv is abandoning its nuclear arsenal, which at the time was the third-largest in the world after the United States and Russia. Kyiv is handing over missiles to Russia, as it (Russia) declares itself the successor to the USSR in exchange for security guarantees and economic assistance.

Instead, the United States, Russia, and the United Kingdom make the following commitments:

  • respect the independence, sovereignty, and current borders of Ukraine,
  • refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of Ukraine,
  • refrain from economic pressure that could violate Ukraine’s sovereignty.